Thank you very much, Aki!
Yes, here it is.
f <- as.formula(paste("obs ~",
paste(names(D.spldf.st)[9:31], collapse = "+"),
"+offset(log(exp))"))
M.pois.hs <- brm(formula = f, data = D.spldf.st,
family = poisson(), seed = 19871002,
set_prior(horseshoe(df = 1.5, par_ratio = 0.1)),
control = list(adapt_delta = 0.999999, max_treedepth = 12))
Here are the graphs. I wonder how you judge how bad the reference model is?

Ok, I see. In this case, should I include any of the covariates? The covariates are actually from different data source. I don’t expect it to fit very well. The purpose is more to build a BYM2 model, but of course I was hoping that they could explain something.