Unfortunately rstan is not very great at those error messages :-(
The most likely cuplrit is that some of the chains didnāt finish correctly. So running on a single core (or just a single chain) is likely to show more info.
Alternatively, you can try switching to using the cmdstanr package instead of Rstan and see if the issue persists (installation instructions: Getting started with CmdStanR ā¢ cmdstanr, then call options(brms.backend = "cmdstanr")