Question about Cholesky Decomposition

Hi everyone,

I am working on writing a stan model for a Bayesian hierarchical mixed-effect model. I tried Cholesky decomposition on the group correlation matrix (L_u), but the results on L_u looks weird (attached below marked in blue). I am wondering if I did it correctly? Thank you for your help!

The code I wrote is below:

data {
  int<lower=1> N; //number of data points
  real y[N]; // time points, TX or T0
  real x[N]; // log count
  int<lower=1> J; // number of groups
  int<lower=1, upper=J> id[N]; // vector of group indices
}
parameters {
  vector[2] beta; // fixed effects intercept and slope
  real<lower=0> sigma; // sigma of y
  vector<lower=0>[2] sigma_u; // sigma of intercept and slope for random effects
  cholesky_factor_corr[2] L_u; // Cholesky decomposition of the group correlation matrix (the square of the correlation matrix)
  matrix[2,J] z_u; // intercept and slope for random effects 
}

transformed parameters{
  matrix[2,J] u; // intercepts and slopes of random effects of J pairs
  u = diag_pre_multiply(sigma_u, L_u) * z_u;  // generates varying intercepts and slopes from joint probability distribution
}

model {
  real mu;
  //priors
  L_u ~ lkj_corr_cholesky(2); //Our choice of 2.0 implies that no prior info about the correlation btw intercepts and slopes
  to_vector(z_u) ~ normal(0,1); // convert the matrix z_uu to a column vector in column major order.
  sigma_u ~ normal(0,1); 
  sigma ~ exponential(2);
  beta[1] ~ normal(0,5.1); 
  beta[2] ~ normal(0,0.85); 
  
  //likelihood
  for (i in 1:N){
    mu = beta[1] + u[1,id[i]]+ (beta[2] + u[2,id[i]]) * x[i];
    y[i] ~ normal(mu, sigma);
    } 
}

Hello!

Yes, cholesky_factor_corr are lower triangular by construction (so L_u[1, 2] will always be 0), and fix the first element L_u[1, 1] to be 1. The manual has more information about this construction.

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Thank you so much for your help!