Hi!
I think I got a solution. Turns out that the ABI seems to have changed. So if I have this in ~/.R/Makevars:
CFLAGS=-isysroot /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk
CCFLAGS=-isysroot /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk
CXXFLAGS=-isysroot /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk
CPPFLAGS=-isysroot /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk -I/usr/local/include
SHLIB_CXXLDFLAGS+=-Wl,-rpath,/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/lib /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/lib/libc++abi.1.dylib
SHLIB_CXX11LDFLAGS+=-Wl,-rpath,/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/lib /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/lib/libc++abi.1.dylib
SHLIB_CXX14LDFLAGS+=-Wl,-rpath,/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/lib /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/lib/libc++abi.1.dylib
Then I can compile the exception example and get the desired output. The key line above is the SHLIB_CXXLDFLAGS. The rpath instructs the linker to hard-code the path to the libraries found in the directory of R. Next I am hard-coding the path of the libc++abi.1.dylib as used by R. Doing so seems to resolve the problems.
So the above should fix our problems. I just reinstalled Rcpp, inline and RcppParallel as binary packages from CRAN. Then I installed rstan and the mvn_orange example does now sample just fine.
Can others please verify?
I think this resolves the issue - I have in the meantime started a thread on the Mac-SIG mailinglist which does not include the latest info here. A ABI compiler change is a really nasty thing… in particular as Apple apparently did not change the library names. So this is probably a bug in Apple’s shipped clang from my perspective (rather than a feature).