Yes, it’s a standardized measure, but you can always get it back to its unstandardized format.
Indeed, their mean values or the first level for factors.
Well, you can ask any questions you want and the posterior will provide a reply (sometimes the reply is gibberish due to asking the wrong question ;) If you do posterior_predict(), setting the covariates to their means (and factors to their first level) you will basically get what conditional_effects() will give you.
I think this post by @jonah summarize things in a very nice way: