Intriguing fitting issue

I assume it is indeed a collinerity issue. If the predictors are perfely collinear, lmer and glmer are (to my knowledge) automatically dropping redundant predictors. Perhaps this is why you don’t see any sampline problems there.

To get the model to converge despite the collinearity you may try out the horseshoe prior on the regression coefficients or use the QR decomposition via argument decomp in brmsformula.