# \#hypothesis-testing

**URL:** https://discourse.mc-stan.org/tag/hypothesis-testing/158.md

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## [Assessing influence of population-level predictors on one specific trial](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/assessing-influence-of-population-level-predictors-on-one-specific-trial/41396)

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**Author:** [@IreneSophia](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/u/IreneSophia)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [June 25, 2026, 9:00am UTC](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/assessing-influence-of-population-level-predictors-on-one-specific-trial/41396 "2026-06-25T09:00:54Z")

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I have an experimental design with one between-subjects factor (gender, 2 levels) and one within-subjects factor (cond, 2 levels). Each subject encounters multiple trials. The data is ordinal and I am using brms to const…

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## [Using brms::hypothesis() with an interaction](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/using-brms-hypothesis-with-an-interaction/41069)

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**Author:** [@lyambailey](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/u/lyambailey)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [April 24, 2026, 7:43pm UTC](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/using-brms-hypothesis-with-an-interaction/41069 "2026-04-24T19:43:31Z")

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Dear users, I’m using brms to fit some data with an interaction effect. measure\_z is a standardized continuous variable, task is a factor with two levels (ON and OFF) and roi is a factor with 10+ levels (A, B, C, …). f…

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## [In hypothesis(brmsfit,'Var \> 0') output what is the signification of the \*, \*+, \*\*, or \*\*\*](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/in-hypothesis-brmsfit-var-0-output-what-is-the-signification-of-the-or/40652)

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**Author:** [@sboylan](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/u/sboylan)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [November 19, 2025, 9:35am UTC](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/in-hypothesis-brmsfit-var-0-output-what-is-the-signification-of-the-or/40652 "2025-11-19T09:35:58Z")

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Hello folks, I am trying to understand what the Stars in the output of hypothesis() represent. As far as I understand, it is a threshold on the evidence ratio. If ER\>3 we have \* Then I struggle to find some explanati…

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## [How can I select a ROPE range for a logistic model based on odds ratios](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/how-can-i-select-a-rope-range-for-a-logistic-model-based-on-odds-ratios/36162)

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**Author:** [@a\_t](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/u/a_t)\
**Replies:** 22\
**Last updated:** [March 28, 2025, 4:12pm UTC](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/how-can-i-select-a-rope-range-for-a-logistic-model-based-on-odds-ratios/36162 "2025-03-28T16:12:35Z")

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Hello, I am trying to understand how to specify ROPE when fitting a logistic model. Let’s say I would like to detect whether the effect of a dummy-coded predictor (e.g., intervention) is larger than 1.20 or smaller tha…

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## [Hypothesis-testing for gaussian process](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/hypothesis-testing-for-gaussian-process/37638)

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**Author:** [@Joyyyyyy](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/u/Joyyyyyy)\
**Replies:** 4\
**Last updated:** [December 24, 2024, 9:05pm UTC](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/hypothesis-testing-for-gaussian-process/37638 "2024-12-24T21:05:57Z")

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Hi everyone, I’m new to Gaussian Process Regression and Bayesian methods. I’m curious about how to perform hypothesis testing using predictions from a Gaussian Process. For example, the null hypothesis is that \\hat{f}(x^…

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## [Syntax for hypothesis test for brm model](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/syntax-for-hypothesis-test-for-brm-model/36862)

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**Author:** [@BryanMaloney](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/u/BryanMaloney)\
**Replies:** 4\
**Last updated:** [October 11, 2024, 10:32pm UTC](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/syntax-for-hypothesis-test-for-brm-model/36862 "2024-10-11T22:32:22Z")

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Start with a short summary of your inquiry. I have successfully created a right-censored mixed model with brms. I would now like to test the hypotheses that different specific combinations of three binary predictors do …

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## [Hypothesis testing, continuous predictors](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/hypothesis-testing-continuous-predictors/36501)

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**Author:** [@CeciliaT](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/u/CeciliaT)\
**Replies:** 6\
**Last updated:** [September 13, 2024, 8:42am UTC](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/hypothesis-testing-continuous-predictors/36501 "2024-09-13T08:42:33Z")

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Hi! I have a model where I am trying to predict var\_1 by the interaction between var\_2 and var\_3. I would like to test hypotheses regarding how var\_1 is predicted based on different levels of var\_2 and var\_3. All variab…

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## [Importance of model selection (ELPD/LOOIC) with variables of a priori interest](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/importance-of-model-selection-elpd-looic-with-variables-of-a-priori-interest/36506)

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**Author:** [@igwill](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/u/igwill)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [September 8, 2024, 3:01pm UTC](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/importance-of-model-selection-elpd-looic-with-variables-of-a-priori-interest/36506 "2024-09-08T15:01:38Z")

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Hi all, This is more a general stats modeling conceptual question, but based on brms fits and downstream model selection methods. In a nutshell, I have an animal that can be infected by two pathogens, and is subjected …

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## [Bayes for hypothesis testing in clinical trials](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/bayes-for-hypothesis-testing-in-clinical-trials/33492)

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**Author:** [@javims](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/u/javims)\
**Replies:** 9\
**Last updated:** [December 13, 2023, 1:09pm UTC](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/bayes-for-hypothesis-testing-in-clinical-trials/33492 "2023-12-13T13:09:55Z")

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How can I reject hypotheses in a Bayesian clinical trial? I am trying to introduce a fully Bayesian mindset in clinical trials and start using a Bayesian philosophy. However, this is very complicated, because neither the…

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## [Validity of using the Savage Dickey method to calculate the Bayes Factor](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/validity-of-using-the-savage-dickey-method-to-calculate-the-bayes-factor/33053)

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**Author:** [@bcd](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/u/bcd)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [October 15, 2023, 1:18pm UTC](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/validity-of-using-the-savage-dickey-method-to-calculate-the-bayes-factor/33053 "2023-10-15T13:18:10Z")

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Hi there, I’ve developed a survival model from aggregated clinical trial data to estimate vaccine efficacy over time. The vaccine may actually enhance disease as antibody levels wane, which is what I want to test in my …

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## [Syntax for hypothesis command](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/syntax-for-hypothesis-command/32738)

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**Author:** [@BryanMaloney](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/u/BryanMaloney)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [September 12, 2023, 4:25pm UTC](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/syntax-for-hypothesis-command/32738 "2023-09-12T16:25:38Z")

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Short summary of the problem I have managed to get an ordbetareg model to run and am trying to use the “hypothesis” command. My model has two numeric predictors (Dose and Day) and one two-value factor predictor (Genotyp…

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## [Trouble formulating an equivalence hypothesis test in Stan](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/trouble-formulating-an-equivalence-hypothesis-test-in-stan/32530)

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**Author:** [@screachingfire](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/u/screachingfire)\
**Replies:** 4\
**Last updated:** [September 2, 2023, 2:05am UTC](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/trouble-formulating-an-equivalence-hypothesis-test-in-stan/32530 "2023-09-02T02:05:57Z")

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I am having an issue trying to formulate a hypothesis. The question feels simple: I am trying to find the probability that two populations have the same parameters(\\boldsymbol{\\theta}\_A = \\boldsymbol{\\theta}\_B). For cont…

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## [How to get hypothesis() to test difference between level combination in a regression with interaction](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/how-to-get-hypothesis-to-test-difference-between-level-combination-in-a-regression-with-interaction/31890)

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**Author:** [@maRce10](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/u/maRce10)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [June 27, 2023, 9:44pm UTC](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/how-to-get-hypothesis-to-test-difference-between-level-combination-in-a-regression-with-interaction/31890 "2023-06-27T21:44:00Z")

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Hi all, does anyone knows how to compare all possible comparison between levels when the regression includes a interaction term? Let say I have this data set with 3 species and sex values for each species. exmp\_dat \<-…

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## [Hierarchical Non-linear Gompertz growth curve in BRMS](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/hierarchical-non-linear-gompertz-growth-curve-in-brms/30874)

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**Author:** [@nebulloyd](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/u/nebulloyd)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [March 28, 2023, 3:51pm UTC](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/hierarchical-non-linear-gompertz-growth-curve-in-brms/30874 "2023-03-28T15:51:22Z")

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I am trying to model growth of bird chicks over two seasons. The idea is to run the model on all data then to use post-hoc comparisons to contrast the growth rates between the two years. I am including a grouping variabl…

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## [Calculating the Bayes factor for a directional hypothesis?](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/calculating-the-bayes-factor-for-a-directional-hypothesis/30846)

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**Author:** [@JRPhillips](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/u/JRPhillips)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [March 28, 2023, 12:54pm UTC](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/calculating-the-bayes-factor-for-a-directional-hypothesis/30846 "2023-03-28T12:54:38Z")

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I’m trying to figure out how to calculate the Bayes Factor for a directional hypothesis test of the form P(\\beta \> 0 | X) relative to P(\\beta \< 0 | X). But I can’t figure out the best way to do this in the Stan framework…

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## [Using \`brms:hypothesis\` correctly with interactions](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/using-brms-hypothesis-correctly-with-interactions/30036)

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**Author:** [@striatum](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/u/striatum)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [January 12, 2023, 12:26pm UTC](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/using-brms-hypothesis-correctly-with-interactions/30036 "2023-01-12T12:26:09Z")

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This question is about the correct use of brms’s hypothesis() when a model has interaction. This is an example model: summary(brm1.q \<- brm(bf(DV ~ A \* B + (1|RanEff), ... )) where the critical part of …

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## [Go-to modeling method for factorial experimental designs (with \>2 levels)](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/go-to-modeling-method-for-factorial-experimental-designs-with-2-levels/28084)

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**Author:** [@Pad](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/u/Pad)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [July 5, 2022, 3:12pm UTC](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/go-to-modeling-method-for-factorial-experimental-designs-with-2-levels/28084 "2022-07-05T15:12:11Z")

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In an experiment, two groups of patients (treatment vs. control) learn over the course of 4 sessions a memory strategy (2 x 4 design). A multilevel binomial regression appears as a reasonable model. However, I found in t…

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## [Brmshypothesis object to a pretty table in R Markdown](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/brmshypothesis-object-to-a-pretty-table-in-r-markdown/27514)

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**Author:** [@victoris\_93](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/u/victoris_93)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [May 18, 2022, 11:45am UTC](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/brmshypothesis-object-to-a-pretty-table-in-r-markdown/27514 "2022-05-18T11:45:31Z")

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Hi Stan community, Has anyone yet attempted to produce a nice knitr::kable-type table from a brmshypothesis object? Any tips on embellishing the R output of hypothesis() within R Markdown would be greatly appreciated. T…

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## [Setting ROPE values on a model of count data](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/setting-rope-values-on-a-model-of-count-data/25709)

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**Author:** [@adkane](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/u/adkane)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [January 6, 2022, 11:27am UTC](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/setting-rope-values-on-a-model-of-count-data/25709 "2022-01-06T11:27:10Z")

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I have a data set of counts of various bird species in three national parks. My aim is to see if they’re declining in any of those areas. I’m using brms to fit a hierarchical model (I give some more detail of the model b…

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## [Use "hypothesis" function for cumulative (probit) model in brms](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/use-hypothesis-function-for-cumulative-probit-model-in-brms/24021)

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**Author:** [@paul-grassl](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/u/paul-grassl)\
**Replies:** 6\
**Last updated:** [September 13, 2021, 3:32pm UTC](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/use-hypothesis-function-for-cumulative-probit-model-in-brms/24021 "2021-09-13T15:32:34Z")

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Hi everyone, I have a (multivariate) cumulative model (with a probit link) with the following variables: IV1 badge: categorical predictor with 3 levels: nobadge , twitter and irma. IV2 context: categorical predictor w…

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## [IRT: Discrepancy in estimates hypothesis & conditional effects](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/irt-discrepancy-in-estimates-hypothesis-conditional-effects/22438)

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**Author:** [@elineadrianne](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/u/elineadrianne)\
**Replies:** 8\
**Last updated:** [May 17, 2021, 11:19pm UTC](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/irt-discrepancy-in-estimates-hypothesis-conditional-effects/22438 "2021-05-17T23:19:00Z")

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Hi all, We have been trying out IRT modelling as perfectly demonstrated by @paul.buerkner, but are having some issues with interpreting the estimates resulting from the fitted model. In particular, we are finding a disc…

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## [How to properly compare interacting levels](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/how-to-properly-compare-interacting-levels/20457)

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**Author:** [@striatum](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/u/striatum)\
**Replies:** 8\
**Last updated:** [February 2, 2021, 6:16pm UTC](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/how-to-properly-compare-interacting-levels/20457 "2021-02-02T18:16:31Z")

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I am new to brms, trying to figure out its behaviour in details. I was trying to run essentially an anova-like model with random effects (anova-like in the sense that all IVs are factors). For example, brm(DV ~ A \* …

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## [Joint Hypothesis test help](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/joint-hypothesis-test-help/20421)

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**Author:** [@HCOKSTATE](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/u/HCOKSTATE)\
**Replies:** 15\
**Last updated:** [January 26, 2021, 7:13am UTC](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/joint-hypothesis-test-help/20421 "2021-01-26T07:13:27Z")

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Hi, I want to do a joint test like H0: a=b=c=d=0. I already get the posterior distribution of a, b, c, and d from my model. In the max likelihood method, this test can be done easily while I have no idea how to do it in …

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## [Private tutorial for hypothesis testing with brms](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/private-tutorial-for-hypothesis-testing-with-brms/19371)

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**Author:** [@Selma](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/u/Selma)\
**Replies:** 9\
**Last updated:** [November 22, 2020, 9:51pm UTC](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/private-tutorial-for-hypothesis-testing-with-brms/19371 "2020-11-22T21:51:44Z")

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I need to test a hypothesis by using brms. I am not very familiar with this package, but would like to learn. I wonder if someone is available for a private tutorial session? Please email me (selma.coecke@gmail.com) if…

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## [Savage-Dickey method to test null (or other point hypotheses)](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/savage-dickey-method-to-test-null-or-other-point-hypotheses/18546)

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**Author:** [@tiflo](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/u/tiflo)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [October 9, 2020, 9:09pm UTC](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/savage-dickey-method-to-test-null-or-other-point-hypotheses/18546 "2020-10-09T21:09:32Z")

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I just read Heck, D. W. (2019). A caveat on the Savage–Dickey density ratio: The case of computing Bayes factors for regression parameters. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology , 72 (2), 316–333. h…

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## [Hypergeometric posterior](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/hypergeometric-posterior/17490)

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**Author:** [@cucho](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/u/cucho)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [August 18, 2020, 2:07pm UTC](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/hypergeometric-posterior/17490 "2020-08-18T14:07:20Z")

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Hi all! I am trying to estimate the posterior distribution of the total success count of a hypergeometric distribution. I have 39 farms (population) from which I am getting a random sample without replacement of 30 far…

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## [Why does hypothesis return different CIs than summary?](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/why-does-hypothesis-return-different-cis-than-summary/17427)

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**Author:** [@martinmodrak](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/u/martinmodrak)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [August 13, 2020, 3:52pm UTC](https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/why-does-hypothesis-return-different-cis-than-summary/17427 "2020-08-13T15:52:52Z")

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I would expect that for simple hypothesis of the form model\_parameter \< 0 hypothesis would return CIs mirroring the model summary. However, there tends to be a small difference… am I misunderstanding something about how h…